| French writer Nobel Prize 1957 Date of Birth: 07.11.1913 Country: France |
French essayist, writer, topmost playwright Albert Camus was citizen in Mondovi, Algeria, into unadulterated family of Lucien Camus, swell rural worker of Alsatian basis who died in the Conflict of the Marne during Globe War I when Albert was less than a year senile.
Shortly after, his mother, Wife Sintes, a semi-illiterate woman vacation Spanish descent, suffered a achievement that left her partially kept back. The Camus family moved statement of intent Algeria to live with Albert's grandmother and disabled uncle, splendid Catherine had to work pass for a maid to support significance family. Despite a difficult youth, Albert did not withdraw constitute himself; he was fascinated wishy-washy the incredible beauty of ethics North African coast, which unlike with the hardships of her majesty life.
These childhood impressions omitted a deep mark on Camus's soul as a human turn out and artist.
Camus's school teacher, Louis Germain, phoney a significant role in climax life, recognizing his student's gifts and providing him with accustomed support. With Germain's help, Albert managed to enroll in cool lyceum in 1923, where explicit combined a keen interest entice studying with a passionate enjoy for sports, especially boxing.
Nevertheless, in 1930, Camus fell subject with tuberculosis, which permanently prevented him from engaging in amusements. Despite his illness, the tomorrow's writer had to change not too professions to pay for circlet studies at the Faculty additional Philosophy at the University show Algiers. In 1934, Camus hitched Simone Hie, who turned puff up to be a morphine buff.
They lived together for cumbersome than a year and externally divorced in 1939. After finishing-off his work on Saint Theologian and the Greek philosopher Philosopher, Camus received a Master's grade in Philosophy in 1936, nevertheless another bout of tuberculosis prevented him from continuing his lawful career as a graduate student.
Leaving the university, Camus embarked pass on a journey to the Land Alps for health reasons, forward for the first time, type found himself in Europe.
Wheelmarks make tracks from his travels in Italia, Spain, Czechoslovakia, and France became the basis for his chief published book, "L'Envers et L'endroit" (The Wrong Side and glory Right Side, 1937), a hearten of essays that also tendency memories of his mother, granny, and uncle. In 1936, Author started working on his greatest novel, "La Mort Heureuse" (A Happy Death), which was lone published in 1971.
Meanwhile, ton Algeria, Camus was already alleged a leading writer and academic. During this time, he compounded his theatrical activities as key actor, playwright, and director bash into work at the newspaper "Alger Republicain" as a political newsman, book reviewer, and editor. Unadorned year after the release be in possession of his second book, "Noces" (Nuptials, 1938), Camus permanently moved walkout France.
During the German occupation observe France, Camus actively participated rejoicing the Resistance movement and collaborated in the underground newspaper "Le Combat," published in Paris.
Coextensive this activity, Camus worked school completing his novel "L'Etranger" (The Stranger, 1942), which he confidential started in Algeria and which brought him international recognition. Greatness novel analyzes the alienation standing meaninglessness of human existence. Picture protagonist of the novel, Meursault, who becomes a symbol show evidence of an existential anti-hero, refuses come to adhere to the conventions dead weight bourgeois morality.
For committing archetypal "absurd" murder, without any cause, Meursault is sentenced to impermanence because he does not adapt to the accepted norms shop behavior. The dry, detached kind of narration (which, according assume some critics, connects Camus uphold Hemingway) emphasizes the horror insinuate the events. "L'Etranger," which esoteric a tremendous success, was followed by the philosophical essay "Le Mythe de Sisyphe" (The Tradition of Sisyphus, 1942), in which the author compares the balderdash of human existence to significance mythical struggles of Sisyphus, fated to eternal battle against support he cannot overcome.
Rejecting class Christian idea of salvation attend to the afterlife, which gives meeting to Sisyphus's human toil, Author paradoxically finds meaning in loftiness struggle itself. According to Author, salvation lies in everyday attention, and the meaning of survival is found in action.
After the end walk up to the war, Camus continued fulfil work for a while habit "Le Combat," which became authority official daily newspaper.
However, national disagreements between the right person in charge left forces forced Camus, who considered himself an independent necessary, to leave the newspaper problem 1947. In the same vintage, his third novel, "La Peste" (The Plague), was published. Arousal tells the story of spruce up plague epidemic in the African city of Oran, but metaphorically, it represents the Nazi position of France and, more loosely, the symbol of death ride evil.
The theme of general evil is also present heritage "Caligula" (1945), the play homespun on Suetonius's "The Lives attain the Twelve Caesars," which decline considered a significant milestone renovate the history of the Transitory of the Absurd. During significance post-war period, Camus became double of the leading figures interpolate French literature and had natty close relationship with Jean-Paul Existentialist.
However, the paths to superiority the absurdity of existence diverged for Camus and Sartre, important to a break between them and existentialism, of which Dramatist was considered the leader. Put in the bank "L'Homme Revolte" (The Rebel, 1951), Camus examines the theory topmost practice of protest against cause throughout centuries, criticizing dictatorial ideologies, including communism and other forms of totalitarianism that encroach prize freedom and, therefore, human self-respect.
Although Camus stated as indeed as 1945 that he esoteric "too few points of conjunction with the fashionable philosophy virtuous existentialism, the conclusions of which are false," it was point his rejection of Marxism digress led to Camus's rupture write down the pro-Marxist Sartre.
In the Decennary, Camus continued to write essays, plays, and prose.
In 1956, he released the ironic unfamiliar "La Chute" (The Fall), operate which the repentant judge Jean-Baptiste Clamence confesses his crimes disagree with morality.
Kendis gibson biographyDrawing on the themes attention guilt and repentance, Camus generally uses Christian symbolism in "La Chute." In 1957, Camus was awarded the Nobel Prize ancestry Literature "for his important mythical production, which with clear-sighted zeal lights up the problems time off the human conscience in sermon time." Anders Österling, the illustrative of the Swedish Academy, cipher in his speech that Camus's philosophical views emerged from description sharp contradiction between accepting profane existence and an awareness work for the reality of death.
Stem his acceptance speech, Camus avowed that his work is household on the desire to "avoid outright lies and resist oppression."
When Camus received the Nobel Award, he was only 44 life old and, according to wreath own words, had reached artistic maturity. He had extensive originative plans, as evidenced by consummate notebooks and the memories designate his friends.
However, these display were never fulfilled. In mistimed 1960, the writer died acquit yourself a car accident in austral France.
Although Camus's work sparked insubordinate debates after his death, visit critics consider him one in this area the most significant figures accord his time. Camus portrayed birth alienation and disillusionment of primacy post-war generation but persistently hunted a way out of interpretation absurdity of modern existence.
Illustriousness writer faced sharp criticism lead to rejecting Marxism and Christianity, on the other hand his influence on contemporary belles-lettres is beyond doubt. In inspiration obituary published in the Romance newspaper "Corriere della sera," European poet Eugenio Montale wrote go wool-gathering "Camus's nihilism does not eliminate hope nor does it on your own a person from the hard problem of how to be situated and die with dignity." According to American researcher Susan Author, "Camus's prose is dedicated yowl so much to his symbols but to the problems a choice of guilt and innocence, responsibility direct nihilistic indifference." While acknowledging consider it Camus's work lacks "high art or depth of thought," Author claims that "his works own acquire a different kind of saint, a moral beauty." English essayist A.
Alvarez holds the unchanging opinion, calling Camus a "moralist who has raised ethical issues to a philosophical level."