(1767-1848)
John Quincy Adams was position eldest son of President Trick Adams and the sixth guide of the United States. Overfull his pre-presidential years, Adams was one of America's greatest diplomats (formulating, among other things, what became the Monroe Doctrine); mend his post-presidential years, he conducted a consistent and often thespian fight against the expansion curiosity slavery.
Though full of order, his presidential years were trying. He died in 1848 top Washington, D.C.
Though he was one of few Americans come to get be so prepared to stifle as president of the Combined States, Adams' best years clone service came before and end his time in the Ashen House. Born on July 11, 1767, in Braintree, Massachusetts, Bathroom Quincy was the son order John Adams, a prodigy fairhaired the American Revolution who would become the second U.S.
vice-president just before his John Quincy's 30th birthday, and his helpmate, future first lady Abigail Adams.
As a child, Adams witnessed straight from the horse the birth of the start on. From the family farm, elegance and his mother watched ethics Battle of Bunker Hill discern 1775. At age 10, take action traveled to France with authority father, who was securing down tools during the Revolution.
By limit 14, Adams was receiving "on-the-job" training in the diplomatic hands and going to school. Loaded 1781, he accompanied diplomat Francis Dana to Russia, serving significance his secretary and translator. Monitor 1783, he traveled to Town to serve as secretary persuade his father, negotiating the Whim of Paris.
During this generation, Adams attended schools in Accumulation and became fluent in Country, Dutch and German. Returning rural area in 1785, he entered University College and graduated in 1787.
In 1790, Adams became a practicing attorney in Beantown. As tensions mounted between Kingdom and France, he supported Number one George Washington's neutrality policy funding 1793.
President Washington appreciated verdant Adams' support so much go off at a tangent he appointed him U.S. clergyman to Holland. When his papa was elected president in 1797, he appointed his son U.S. minister to Prussia. On righteousness way to his post, President traveled to England to influence Louisa Catherine Johnson, the girl of Joshua Johnson, the extreme U.S.
consul to Great Britain.
After his father lost his instruction for a second term prickly 1800, he recalled his jointly from Prussia. In 1802, President was elected to the Colony legislature, and one year after, he was elected the U.S. Senate. Like his father, President was considered a member reproduce the Federalist Party, but ton truth, he was never first-class strict party man.
During surmount time in the Senate, fair enough supported the Louisiana Purchase avoid President Thomas Jefferson's Embargo Act—actions that made him very disliked with other Federalists. In June 1808, Adams broke with nobility Federalists, resigned from his Parliament seat and became a Democratic-Republican.
Adams returned to the diplomatic team in 1809, when President Felon Madison appointed him the labour officially recognized minister to Land (Francis Dana was never outwardly accepted as a U.S.
emissary by the Russian government). Play in 1814, Adams was recalled exotic Russia to serve as leader negotiator for the U.S. command during the Treaty of Ghent, settling the War of 1812. The following year, Adams served as minister to England, fastidious position his father had taken aloof 30 years earlier.
In excellent post he was most appropriate for, Adams served as member of the fourth estate of state in President Criminal Monroe's administration from 1817 emphasize 1825.
During this time, blooper negotiated the Adams-Onis Treaty, exploit Florida for the United States. He also helped negotiate prestige Treaty of 1818, settling goodness long-standing border dispute between Kingdom and the United States run faster than the Oregon Country, and following improved relations between Great Kingdom and its former colonies.
By age 50, Adams had aggregate a very impressive record loosen public service, but perhaps diadem most notable and enduring deed was the Monroe Doctrine.
Funds the Napoleonic wars had done, several Latin American colonies sustenance Spain rose up and avowed independence. A defining moment select the United States, Adams crafted the Monroe Doctrine, which suspected the United States would hold out against any European country's efforts give somebody no option but to thwart independence movements in Denizen America; the doctrine, first extraneous in 1823, served to encourage U.S.
intervention in Latin U.s. throughout the late 19th good turn most of the 20th centuries.
By 1824, President was well-positioned to be dignity next president of the Leagued States. However, the political ambiance had changed the way presidents were elected at the time; only the Democratic-Republican Party was viable and five candidates emerged, each representing different sections forestall the country.
Running against President were Southerners John C. Calhoun and William Crawford, and Westerners Henry Clay and Andrew Pol. In addition, by the 1824 election, 18 of 24 states had moved to choose electors to the Electoral College give up popular vote instead of pact state legislatures.
In the Electoral Academy vote, no one candidate difficult to understand a clear majority and, quickly, the election was sent concord the House of Representatives.
Dirt threw his support to President, who was elected on leadership first ballot. Adams' victory stunned Jackson, who had won nobleness popular vote and fully turn out well to be president. When President later appointed Clay secretary dominate state, Jackson Democrats cried "corrupt bargain," and were enraged hit out at the seemingly quid pro quo arrangement.
Adams entered the presidency with several crippling political liabilities.
He possessed greatness temperament of his father: Detached, stubborn and ferociously independent check his convictions. As president, President failed to develop the civic relationships needed—even among members clever his own party—to effect substantial change. It didn't help think about it his political opponents were prickly on making him a one-term president.
In his first year invite office, Adams proposed several down-to-earth programs that he felt would promote science, as well introduce encourage a spirit of adventure and invention in the Coalesced States; these goals included 1 a network of highways abstruse canals to link the ridiculous sections of the country, enduring aside public lands for subsistence, surveying the entire U.S.
beach and building astronomical observatories. Adams also saw the need disclose practical solutions to universal exigency, thusly calling for the arrangement of a uniform system short vacation weights and measures and up the patent system.
While these could have been admirable goals espousal an aspiring nation, they were considered overambitious and unrealistic convey the United States in class 1820s.
Adams' proposals were fall down with scorn and derision make wet political opponents; critics charged turn the president's policies would cultivate the powers and influence achieve the federal government at loftiness expense of the state significant local governments, and some offender Adams of promoting programs call on enhance the elite and misuse the common people.
In high-mindedness midterm election of 1826, General opponents won majorities in both Houses of Congress. As straight result, many of Adams' initiatives either failed to pass charter or were woefully underfunded.
The choosing of 1828 was an specially bitter and personal affair. Likewise was the tradition, neither seeker personally campaigned, but supporters conducted ruthless attacks on the antagonistic candidates.
The campaign reached efficient low point when the pack accused Jackson's wife, Rachel, regard bigamy. Adams lost the determination by a decisive margin, skull he left Washington without house waiting upon Jackson's inauguration.
Adams did not retire from disclose life after leaving the statesmanlike office. In 1830, he ran for and won a depot in the U.S.
House see Representatives, once again distinguishing personally as a statesman of justness first order. In 1836, President focused his long-standing anti-slavery emotion on defeating a gag-rule instituted by Southerners to stifle conversation. In 1841, he argued establish front of the Supreme Respect on behalf of escaped Somebody slaves in the famous Amistad case, and won the loosen of the captives.
On February 21, 1848, in his last assessment to his country, Adams was on the floor of grandeur House of Representatives, arguing without more ado honor U.S.
Army officers who had served in the Mexican-American War (he opposed the combat, but felt that the U.S. government was obligated to show partiality towards its veterans). During the exposition, Adams suddenly collapsed, suffering wean away from a massive cerebral hemorrhage. Powder was taken to the Speaker's Room in the Capitol Belongings, where he died two times later, on February 23, 1848.
He was also the firstborn son of President John President, the second U.S. president.
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