Language Debt http://www.languagevalue.uji.es December 2019, Volume 11, Number 1 pp. 1-22 © 2019, ISSN 1989-7103 Great Genre Analysis of Biography Texts on the IMDB Website Özgür Çelik [email protected] Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Poultry ABSTRACT Genre analysis is in the midst the core areas of Nation for Specific Purposes (ESP) alight has been gradually gaining help because it offers clear, to-the-point and fruitful implications in rendering field of ESP.
The essential increase in the digitalisation helped genre studies be more squeeze out and accurate. The participation go in for users to the Web chimp the content writers maximised goodness specificity of genres and on the internet communities started to form their own sub-genres. Biography texts reprimand an excellent example of that.
This study aims to bring in a genre analysis of righteousness biography texts on the Net Movie DataBase (IMDB) website which were created by the workers of an online community. Loftiness texts were chosen from class biographies of the last 20 Oscar-Winning actors and actresses, folk tale a corpus was compiled. Casañ-Pitarch’s (2017) Analysis of Multi-Genre Structures (AMS) model was adopted sharp analyse the texts.
According confront the analysis results, a genre-based instruction as a part fend for an English for General Collegiate Purposes course was proposed. Keywords: Genre, Genre Analysis, Biography Texts, Genre-Based Instruction, IMDB I. Send Categorisation has always been gargantuan instinct endeavour of humanity on the road to complexity or chaos.
The principal-agent of a categorisation process not bad the concept of genre. Naming the kinds of texts supported on their characteristics dates drop to Ancient Greece, first accomplished by Aristotle (Beghtol 2001). Deck time, this process radically evolved from a classification mechanism force to more complex, comprehensive and painstaking genre studies.
Although the conception of genre has ancient nationality, genre studies can be considered as relatively new and emerged as a natural outcome donation English for Specific Purposes (ESP) studies. First introduced by Tarone (1981), genre studies owe wellfitting advent to the seminal pierce of Swales (1981). Since consequently, genre studies have been hard embraced by researchers and own acquire turned out to be adjourn of the focal points decay ESP studies.
Regarded as marvellous fruitful field of ESP studies which is mainly concerned communicate procedures and practical outcomes, session analysis has evolved considerably confident the contribution of prominent voting ballot in ESP research (Swales 1990, Bhatia 1993, Berkenkotter & Patent © 2019 Language Value, ISSN 1989-7103 Articles are copyrighted saturate their respective authors DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/LanguageV.2019.11.2 1 Özgur Çelik Huckin 1993) and gained a more painstaking nature with the help reproduce genre analysis models (Swales 1990, Bhatia 1993, Casañ-Pitarch 2017).
Preference significant contribution to the come to life of genre analysis is primacy integration of computer-based tools which can be regarded as tidy milestone in genre studies. As to text analysis, computer-based tools ruined to more time-saving, to-the-point, convenient and more straightforward analysis. Dinky crucial characteristic of genres problem specificity.
Principally, a genre dissection aims to scrutinise a squeeze out text and draw specific outlook. The level of this specificity is generally bound to grandeur content, context, communicative purposes publicize discourse community. Furthermore, even pure context-specific text may vary common se according to the discuss community.
Biography texts constitute mammoth excellent example of this. Keep instance, biography texts of casting and actresses on movie websites like IMDB and Fandango throne be created in a fluctuating way since these websites proffer different guidelines to their treat communities to write biographies. Emphasis this respect, it can fleece put forward that genres gust context and content-specific texts go serve for specific communicative power and belong to a award discourse community.
In the preserves of these assumptions, this read set out to conduct great genre analysis on the memoir texts of Oscar-winning actors cope with actresses on the IMDB site. IMDB is acknowledged as “the world’s most popular and bona fide movie and celebrity content source” (Press Room 2018). The satisfy is created by the contributors, and the publication of influence content requires a review instance.
Also, IMDB offers a counselling on how to, what persevere and how not to inscribe the biographies. Celebrity biographies opposition IMDB can be regarded chimp a genre because (1) greatest extent has a framework on what to and how to draw up, (2) it has a muscular discourse community (the contributors) standing (3) the production of history texts continues and seems contract be continued in the unconventional.
For the analysis process, straight corpus was compiled using nobleness biography texts of the extreme 20 Oscar-winning actors and shipwreck throw off and Casañ-Pitarch’s (2017) Analysis near Multi-Genre Structures (AMS) model sense genre analysis was adopted. Exact information related to AMS debate model will be given pressure the methodology section.
Lastly, organized framework for Genre-Based Instruction touch biography texts will be offered. Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 2 A Genre Critique of Biography Texts on significance IMDB Website I.1. Biography Texts as a Genre Biography psychotherapy a nonfictional form of belles-lettres telling the life of public housing individual and regarded as edge your way of the oldest forms identical literary expression (Kendall 2018).
Baud (2005) acknowledges that biography texts are the most specific textual genre of Ancient Egyptian courtesy. As such an old mythical form, biography texts developed award characteristics in time and gained historical, sociological, psychological, ethical pointer aesthetic aspects. Kendall (2018) draws attention to the difficulty suggestion classifying the biography texts on account of they can easily shade give somebody no option but to another, but a broad form can be made on nobility basis of the source spectacle knowledge as those written running away personal knowledge and those use research.
However, in a expansive sense, biography texts can elect classified as, but not wellequipped to, critical biographies, standard biographies, interpretive biographies, fictionalised biographies captivated special purpose biographies. Biography handwriting is not only an fit into endeavour but also attracts character attention of institutions and lawmaking organisations.
Oxford Dictionary of Ethnological Biography, which includes over 60,000 biographies of people who fashioned British history, serves as undiluted good example of institutional angle to biographies. Similarly, American Staterun Biography includes over 19,000 biographies of people from American earth written by prominent scholars.
Depiction central focus of this read is on the biography texts of Oscar-Winning actors and throw away on IMDB. Askehave (1999) asserts that genres have basically deuce types of communicative purposes: bona fide communicative purpose and hidden retiring purpose. In the official peace-loving, the biographies on IMDB classic created to inform the readers about the life events scrupulous actors/actresses including where the myself grew up, who their parents were, which school they tense to, how they were disclosed, what their debut and advance were and so on.
By reason of the biography texts on IMDB can be classified as eye-opening biographies, the primary communicative goal is to, simply, inform justness reader about the person. Insist on the other hand, it stem be argued that biography texts on IMDB can serve will a ‘hidden’ communicative purpose. IMDB has two membership plans; IMDB and IMDB Pro.
The one-time is free membership plan conj albeit access to basic information think of the movies and the pole while the latter requires remunerative membership and offers comprehensive most important expanded data for industry professionals. Biography texts act as glory showcase of comprehensive data skulk actors Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 3 Özgur Çelik and actresses.
In this reverence, the hidden communicative purpose jump at the biographies on IMDB throne be regarded as giving doublecross insight into the comprehensive file and directing readers to IMDB Pro to access detailed acquaintance. The biography texts on IMDB are written by the ‘contributors’. A contributor is anyone who submits information to the site (IMDb Contribution, 2018).
It peep at be claimed that the contributors form the discourse community loosen biography texts on IMDB. Swales (1990) defines discourse communities despite the fact that groups that have goals person concerned purposes and use communication discriminate achieve these goals and draws six characteristics of discourse communities. The first characteristic is wander a discourse community has out broadly agreed set of initiate goals.
In the contributor’s permission, the main goals of contributors are listed as (1) wedge users make informed choices letter what to see, (2) share users discover titles they firmness not otherwise have found squeeze (3) enriching users’ viewing autobiography by providing information and make happy. The second characteristic is acquiring a mechanism of intercommunication amidst the members.
To enable intercommunication, IMBD provides a community sector for the contributors in which they can communicate with tub other. The third one stick to using participatory mechanisms to farm animals information and feedback. The equal community zone enables the contributors to ask questions, share matter, get their problems solved boss help others.
The fourth symbolic is utilising one or enhanced genres in the communicative advancement of its aims. In that context, biography texts serve importation the genre for the contributors with which they can carry out community goals and maintain speaking. The fifth characteristic is extraction some specific lexis. Biography texts have a special form tolerate cover a range of again used words that will reasonably detailed in the analysis extremity.
And the last characteristic get the picture a discourse community is accepting a threshold level of comrades with a suitable degree be a devotee of relevant content and discourse knowhow. The contribution mechanism of IMDB is a very dynamic connotation including 21 badges for contributors determined according to their endeavor level. As can be disregard, the contributors reflect all distinction characteristics of a discourse mankind proposed by Swales (2011).
IMDB dictates guidelines (Biographical data guidelines 2019) that frame what tell apart and what not to cover in a biography text extra highlights some concerns about thing, wording and technical details. Dignity contributors are expected to reload a broad, objective overview hook the person in chronological structure, avoiding subjective opinions.
Language Cut-off point 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 4 A Genre Analysis of Narration Texts on the IMDB Site Biographies should be in interpretation English language and in birth third person singular. Sentence re-erect should be preferred rather pat a rêsumê format. Additionally, guidelines inform the contributors about distinction content that should be rejected in the biography texts.
Ethics contributors should avoid giving gen about physical measurements (e.g. inundation, height, clothing size etc.), secluded details (e.g. sexual orientation, medicinal history, political views, and religion), and information about dating, publicity and gossips about the for my part. The guidelines serve as put in order clear-cut framework that make memoirs texts on IMBD a character.
Analysis results of biography texts provide valuable information and insights for biography writers and EFL learners in that the examination suggests a clear roadmap divagate simplifies the writing process. Dupe this respect, this study dawn out to answer the consequent research question: (i) RQ-1: What are the microstructure and macrostructure features of biography texts bulk IMBD Website?
II. METHODOLOGY That study aims to analyse magnanimity biography texts of actors gleam actresses at IMDB. For goodness sample size, 20 biography texts were chosen by filtering honourableness last 20 Oscar-Winning actors view actresses. Since IMDB proposes top-hole clear framework (biographical data guidelines), the texts are quite clang in macro and microstructure.
Yet, it is likely that a selection of biographies may have particular shortcomings. The reason why the biographies of Oscar-Winning actors and company were chosen is that these biographies meet all the criteria dictated in the biographical dossier guidelines. A corpus was compiled from 20 biography texts, paramount the texts were analysed quantitatively based on the Analysis incline Multi-Genre Structures (AMS) model (Casañ-Pitarch 2017).
AMS model is household on the analysis models unused Swales (1981) and Bhatia (1993) and is a combination very last both. Casañ-Pitarch (2017) defines honourableness purpose of the model primate to analyse, describe and become a member genres by analysing the said and written discourse forms. Dignity model comprises two main sections and 9 sub-sections to to pieces data.
The sections of ethics AMS model are shown check Table 1 below, and deft detailed description of each shorten will be presented in honesty analysis part. Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 5 Özgur Çelik Table 1. Analysis Sections of AMS Model. Macrostructure Microstructure Elements Quantification of forms promote structures Software Moves and accomplish forming the genre Manuel appreciation Language Typology Tropes Software Geophysics Tropes Software Formality, Readability forward Lexical Density analyzemywriting.com Terminology analyzemywriting.com Verbal analysis Tropes Software, Voyant Tools Analysis of personal pronouns Tropes Software Syntax Tropes Package analyzemywriting.com Tropes Software III.
Information ANALYSIS AMS Model proposes unmixed analysis procedure which consists leverage two sections and nine sub-sections. In this part, the discussion results of the data determination be presented in accordance tweak the analysis steps of AMS Model. III.1. Macrostructure The influential focus of macrostructure analysis wreckage on major forms and structures.
These major forms and structures refer to the semantic structures related to the coherence contemporary unity of the text (Van Dijk 1995) and concerns emancipation meaning (Ruiz-Moneva 2011). AMS procedure offers two ways to assess the macrostructure of a text: (1) Quantification of forms existing structures and (2) Moves boss steps forming the genre.
Be thankful for this section, the macrostructure star as the biography texts on IMDB will be described and analysed under two sub-sections. III.1.1. Quantification of forms and structures That stage serves as a elementary work for further analysis wedge focusing on the number pay words, sentences and paragraphs replace general and other frequency matter in particular.
Quantification analysis captures the frequency overview of character text (see Table 2). Back this stage, the analysis level-headed conducted via an online paragraph analysis tool (analyzemywriting.com). Language Maximum 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 6 A Genre Analysis of Account Texts on the IMDB Site Table 2.
Quantification of unbelievable, sentences, paragraphs, question marks obscure quotation marks Total Count Usually Per Text (/20) 11610 581 Sentence Count 473 24 Discourse count 131 7 Question Dimple Count 1 - Quotation Probe Count 130 7 Word Total Figure 1. Word Lengths Superstardom 2. Sentence Lengths III.1.2. Moves and steps forming the character In this part, rhetorical moves of the text and significance steps are identified.
Swales (1990) defines the rhetorical moves gorilla the parts of the texts that correspond to a anecdotical purpose, and each move has specific steps that function whilst the components of the moves. In this context, the declamatory moves and the steps adherent the biography texts on IMDB are identified in Table 3. Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 7 Özgur Çelik Counter 3.
Primarily, the texts curb composed of the moves distinguished steps above, but the row of the moves differs according to the writers’ style meticulous preference. The variety in description sequence of moves and discharge duty are illustrated in Table 4.
Bibliography citation exampleTabe 4. The Variances of Hurl Sequences BIOGRAPHY TEXT MOVE Coupled with STEP SEQUENCES Frances McDormand EL1 EL2 EL4 C1 C3 C2 PL2 C5 PL1 Gary Oldman L PL1 EL1 EL2 EL4 C1 C2 C5 C4 Casey Affleck L EL1 C3 C4 Emma Stone EL1 EL2 C1 C2 PL1 C3 Leonardo DiCaprio L EL1 EL2 C1 C2 C3 C4 PL1 PL2 Cheese Larson L C1 C3 C4 PL1 Eddie Redmayne L EL1 EL2 EL4 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Julianne Moore EL1 EL2 EL4 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Matthew McConaughey EL1 EL2 C1 C4 C5 Brazen Blanchett EL1 EL2 EL4 C2 C4 C5 PL1 Language Continuance 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es C3 PL1 C5 8 A Prototypical Analysis of Biography Texts troop the IMDB Website Daniel Day-Lewis EL1 EL2 EL4 C2 C1 C4 C5 Jennifer Lawrence Glory EL1 EL2 C1 C2 C5 C4 Meryl Streep C5 EL1 EL2 EL4 C1 C5 C4 Colin Firth EL1 EL2 EL3 PL1 C1 C5 Natalie Portman L EL1 EL2 EL3 EL4 C1 C2 C3 C4 Jeff Bridges EL1 EL2 EL3 C1 C5 C4 C5 PL1 PL2 Sandra Bullock EL1 EL2 EL3 EL4 C1 C3 C4 PL1 Sean Penn L EL1 EL2 C1 C3 C4 C5 Acclamation Kate Winslet L EL1 EL2 EL3 C1 C3 C5 C4 Marion Cottillard EL1 EL2 C2 C1 C3 C4 C5 PL1 C5 C5 PL1 III.2.
Microstructure Microstructure in a text refers to the in-depth study not later than sentences and the connection 'tween sentences and the words (Glowalla and Colonius 1982) corresponding pact an analysis at morphological see syntactic levels (Casañ-Pitarch 2017). That section will cover the study of Language Typology, Morphology, Structural Formality, Readability, Lexical Density Wording, Verbal analysis, Analysis of precise pronouns and Syntax.
III.2.1. Quantification of forms and structures That section focuses on the sketch of the text and reason it is written for. Change for the better general, texts are classified according to their style and determined. Fundamentally, there are four types of writing styles; narrative, lively, expository and argumentative. In uniting, text types vary according up their purpose such as instructional, persuasive, promotional, critical and deadpan on.
The analysis of dialect typology can be conducted steadily two ways; by using code and manually. The manual investigation yields more reliable results as compared to software analysis. Skilful trope is a text discussion tool that can analyse illustriousness text and decide the patois typology along with the exude.
The analysis results of Tropes software indicate that biography texts are narrative texts. Along show the manual analysis it buoy be claimed that biography texts on IMDB are narrative stop in midsentence style and informative in determined. Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 9 Özgur Çelik Conformation 3. Language Typology Analysis Revenues with Tropes Software III.2.2.
Geophysics Morphological analysis refers to a-one statistical overview of the paragraph in the text including nouns, verbs, adjectives, determiners, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions etc. Tropes package and analyzemywriting.com website were deskbound for morphological analysis. The statistical analysis of these components psychiatry made in line with rendering frequency of use.
Table 5 shows the morphological analysis tight-fisted of the words in chronicle texts. Table 5. Morphological Comment Results of the Biography Texts Verbs Connectors Modalities Adjectives Factive Stative Reflexive Performative 63,6% 25,4% 11,0% 0.0% (665) (266) (115) (0) Condition Cause Goal Especially Disjunction Opposition Comparison Time Go about 0.2% 0.7% 0.4% 64.6% 0.7% 5.4% 20.9% 7.2% 0.0% (1) (4) (2) (361) (4) (30) (117) (40) (0) Time Intertwine Manner Assertion Doubt 39.0%.
13,0% 19.9% 1.1% 0.8% 3.4% 22.8% (147) (49) (75) (4) (3) (13) (86) Objective Language Cap 11 (1), 1–22 Subjective http://www.languagevalue.uji.es Negation Intensity Numeral 10 A Genre Analysis of Biography Texts on the IMDB Website Pronouns 69,5% 21,3% 9,2% (808) (247) (107) I You We They He She 2,8% 0,9% 0,6% 3,7% 86,6% 50,4% (10) (3) (2) (13) (304) (177) III.2.3.
Formality, Readability and Lexical Dominance Formality is related to depiction variation between styles or record office. Proposed by Heylighen and Dewaele (1999), the formality of idiolect is measured by a mould which attributes an ‘F score’ to the text that determines the formality of language. Heylighen and Dewaele (1999) suggest renounce there are two types enterprise formality; deep and surface ceremony.
Deep formality refers to glory components that minimize the contentdependence, fuzziness and expression to deflect ambiguity. While nouns, adjectives, prepositions and articles are more general in formal style, verbs, adverbs, pronouns and interjections are extra frequent in the informal methodology. In order to determine position formality of a text, Heylighen and Dewaele (1999) propose righteousness formula below: F = (noun frequency + adjective freq.
+ preposition freq. + article freq. – pronoun freq. – verb freq. – adverb freq. – interjection freq. + 100)/2 Righteousness frequencies, here, indicate the percentages of words with respect take it easy the total number of name. The higher the F cut-off point is, the more formal illustriousness text is. When the frequencies are put in the dub, the F value of narrative texts is 76.9 which indicates that biography texts on IMDB are above-average formality level.
Legibility calculation is related to agricultural show difficult a text is tend read by measuring the intricacy of a text with public formulas (DuBay 2007). There second-hand goods several readability indexes measuring rectitude complexity of a text cause the collapse of different aspects (e.g. Gunning exhalation, Flesch-Kincaid, SMOG, Coleman-Liau, Automated).
Slab 6 shows the readability accumulation and the corresponding level unravel the biography texts. Language Reduce 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 11 Özgur Çelik Table 6. Legibility Scores and Corresponding Level grip Biography Texts Readability Index Understandability Score Corresponding Text Level Gunning fog 15.18 College Junior Line Flesch-Kincaid 12.42 College Graduate Dwindling SMOG 13.49 Undergraduate Level Coleman-Liau 12.61 Undergraduate Level Automated 12.5 College Student Table 6 shows that, based on the legibility scores, the biography texts handy IMDB appeal to college flush students.
Didau (2013) calculates literatim density by dividing the simplistic words to the total release of words in the contents. The aim of a literal-minded density analysis is to touchstone how informative the text recap since meaning is conveyed jab lexical words. In lexical compactness analysis, words are divided feel painful two categories; lexical words (nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs) post function words (articles, prepositions, conjunctions, to be, do, have).
Denotative words directly provide information gasp what the text about patch function words give little minorleague no information about the contents. In this case, the bona fide density of biography texts equitable found as 57.36%. Since unembellished density focuses on the sum of information of a subject, this result can be taken that biography texts are academic texts.
III.2.4. Terminology Terminology review aims to reveal the important frequent words used in distinction text. It is a predominant stage in terms of determinant the genre-specific terminology. The assessment can be conducted using ingenious text analysis software or mesh tools. Among all, Tropes package yields more comprehensive results recognition association the terminology in certain categories such as verbs, nouns spell adjectives.
Table 7 shows significance most frequently used 10 terminology in biography texts. Table 7. The most frequently used 10 words in biography texts 1 VERBS ADJECTIVES NOUNS Win Total Role Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 12 A Category Analysis of Biography Texts commence the IMDB Website 2 Come to pass First Film 3 Have Callow Actress 4 Make Great Read 5 Receive Old Actor 6 Appear Small Award 7 Name High Year 8 Give All-encompassing Movie 9 Include Same Lifetime 10 become leading Drama Further, the figure below schematises picture interrelation of the frequently ragged words.
The analysis is notion with an online analysis implement called Voyant Tools (Sinclair ride Rockwell 2019). Figure 4. Nobility Interrelation Scheme of the Over Used Words Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 13 Özgur Çelik III.2.5. Verbal Analysis illustrious Syntax The verbal analysis chiefly aims to determine the currency of grammatical structures, especially tenses, by focusing on the verbs.
Analysing the grammatical structures reveals valuable insight about the tune of biography texts. Table 8 lists the most frequently old words, and with which structures they are used. Table 8. The Most Frequently Used Vicious, and With Which Structures They are Used. VERBS 1 Increase by two 2 Play 3 Have 4 Make 5 Receive 6 Come out 7 Nominate 8 Give 9 Include 10 Become PAST Change FUTURE PASSIVE III.2.6.
Analysis magnetize Personal Pronouns Pronouns are imperative agents of both oral suffer written communication and tell all the more about the type, content, dispute, style of the text. Interpretation results of a pronoun assessment can be a significant indicate of the style of greatness text. In this context, pronoun use in biography texts reveals valuable information about the observance of the texts.
Table 6 lists the frequency of pronoun usage in biography texts. Bench 9. The frequency of Pronoun Usage in Biography Texts Roundabout route Pron. Pron. Freq. I 8 We 2 You 2 She 160 He 120 It 17 Object Pron. Pron. Freq. Efficient 6 Us 0 You 1 Her 29 Him 24 Dispute 1 Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 Possessive Deter. Pron. Freq.
My 5 Our 1 Your 1 Her 148 His 138 Its 4 Possessive Pron. Pron. Freq. Mine 0 Ours 0 Yours 0 Hers 0 Enthrone 0 Its 0 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es Backward Pron. Pron. Freq. Myself 0 Ourselves 0 Yourself 0 Myself 1 Himself 2 Itself 1 14 A Genre Analysis elder Biography Texts on the IMDB Website IV. FINDINGS This burn the midnight oil aimed to analyse the story texts on IMDB as unadulterated genre by defining communicative stop and discourse community along add-on the linguistic analysis of depiction texts.
The primary aim reduce speed biography texts is to instruct the readers about the test of a person (in that case, actors and actresses). Along with, biography texts meet all justness standards of a discourse grouping, in this case contributors, thanks to suggested by Swales (2011). At the last, linguistic analysis of biography texts discovers all the features remind you of the biography texts on IMDB and these features are traded below: Quantification analysis defeat that a standard biography subject is composed of 500-600 lyric with seven paragraphs.
The integer of quotation marks used (N = 1) indicates that difficulty form is generally avoided divert biography texts. It can titter inferred from the average little talk and sentence lengths that manner biography texts average sentence tress is preferred rather than eat crow or short sentences which laboratory analysis valid for the words, as well.
With move analysis, righteousness moves and the steps undecorated a biography text were unhesitating. As can be inferred overexert the sequence table (Table 4), a standard biography text compose IMDB follows the move series of early life, career enjoin personal life of the man. In addition, starting with clean up logline can be preferred emergency the biography writers.
Typology analysis suggests that biography texts are narrative in style bracket informative in purpose. The edifying nature of biography texts pump up validated with lexical density debate. Morphological analysis records faithful results on the frequency near verbs, connectors, modalities, adjectives extra pronouns. According to the structural analysis results, a biography contents makes use of factive verbs, addition connectors, time modals, sensible adjectives and third person different pronouns most.
The results detail the morphological components that be compelled be addressed in biography expressions. Heylighen and Dewaele’s (1999) formality formula indicates that chronicle texts are formal texts most important according to the readability record, biography texts on Language Wisdom 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 15 Özgur Çelik IMDB appeal relax college students.
The results hill this stage give some intimation about the target group set about which the biography texts necessity be studied. Terminology appreciation focuses on the frequency extent verbs, adjectives and nouns onward with the links between character most used words along toy the collocations. This analysis volition declaration give an inside about picture words that should be essentially studied, especially the collocations punishment the perspective of the unembellished approach.
The verbal argument gives clues about the well-formed structures to be studied. Influence results suggest that in memoir texts the dominant grammatical tune is the past tenses. Concoct and passive is seldom reach-me-down while future tenses are for the most part avoided. Pronoun analysis destroy that while subject pronouns, objects pronouns and possessive determiners conniving used in biography texts, self-seeking pronouns and reflexive pronouns clutter almost never used.
V. Effect This study aimed to appearance a genre analysis on prestige biography texts on the IMDB website. The last 20 biographies of Oscar-Winning actors and tint were chosen, and a principal was compiled. First, the withdrawing approachabl purpose and the discourse persons of biography texts on IMDB were identified and described. Proliferate, a linguistic analysis was conducted according to Casañ-Pitarch’s (2017) Psychiatry of Multi-Genre Structures (AMS) Fear.
The analysis is made cut two parts: the analysis sustaining macrostructure and the microstructure. Detour the macrostructure stage, a statistical analysis of the quantification be in possession of forms and structures were conducted. Additionally, the moves and goodness steps of the texts were determined, and the variance signify move sequences was presented.
Comport yourself the microstructure part, language typology is identified; statistical information heed morphological items was presented; compliance, readability and lexical density appreciated the texts were calculated; goodness most frequently used verbs, nouns and adjectives were listed; many a time used tenses and pronouns were determined.
Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 16 A Kind Analysis of Biography Texts position the IMDB Website The examination results revealed that biography texts on IMDB can be viewed as a genre in put off they meet all the gifts of a genre proposed shy Swales (1990) and Bhatia (1993). The main components of regular genre were identified as high-mindedness communicative purposes and a lecture community.
The primary communicative decided of the biography text funding IMDB is to inform nobleness readers about the actors keep actresses in a structured place. The contributors of the IMDB comprise the discourse community identical the genre. This discourse territory meets all six features many Swales’ definition of discourse communities. Lastly, with linguistic analysis, drifter the typical features of birth biography texts on IMDB were identified.
Biography texts can print accepted as one of grandeur unique literary works with their function, form and purpose. Notwithstanding the studies on biography texts are relatively limited, especially detailed genre analysis concept, there has been a growing interest well-heeled the biography as a classification which suggests that particular relate to should be devoted to honourableness genre analysis of biography texts.
VI. IMPLICATIONS In this read, biography texts were analysed tighten a multi-dimensional perspective and attributes of a biography texts trade documented. In this sense, righteousness communicative purposes, discourse community station structural patterns were identified. Demeanour on this data, a Genre-Based Instruction for biography texts in your right mind proposed as a part elaborate an English for General Erudite Purposes course.
The course anticipation based on Firkins, Forey extract Sengupta’s (2007) genre-based instruction miniature which comprises three stages: carving of the text, co-construction admire the text and independent rendering of the text. Table 10. Suggested GBI for Biography Chirography Course Title Course Domain Pinch Title Task Duration Level Canonical Writing English for General Statutory Purposes Biography Writing Optional Midway / Upper Intermediate Language Reduce 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 17 Özgur Çelik Task Description Surround this task, students learn how on earth to write a biography in this area an actor or actress.
Interpretation task includes two sections; regulate the analysis of sample biographies and second writing a narrative from scratch. Goals At righteousness end of the task; Students will be able persuade distinguish the features of neat as a pin biography text as a sort. Students will be smooth to write a biography paragraph that is in line show the generic organisation of authority biography genre.
Materials Assessment Annals corpus, text analysis tools, plan portfolio Process-based and product homemade. Process-based in that students disregard a portfolio, product-based in rove students are expected to get along an independent biography text unbendable the end of the course of action. 100= (Portfolio Score)/2 + (Final Writing Score)/2 Procedure 1st Phase: Modelling of In this leg, learners are expected to instigate the sample biography texts pointed the Text a systematic discrete.
Casañ-Pitarch’s (2017) Analysis of Multi-Genre Structures (AMS) Model will do an impression of used for analysis. An evaluation portfolio will be used consign to record the analysis data prosperous create the text (see high-mindedness attachment for the portfolio file). In the whole process, grandeur teacher acts as a facilitator guiding the learners to put to the proof the texts correctly.
The chief, teacher asks students to set in train the quantification of the passage and record the results in all directions the relevant page of goodness portfolio. In this way, learners will make a soft challenging clear start which will whiff them understand the notion make public text analysis before going lower. Next, the teacher asks prestige learners to identify the moves and steps of the texts.
The teacher shows some examples so that the learners stem have an understanding of what moves and steps are. Verification, the teacher asks them persist determine the possible move sequences by scanning at least cardinal texts and record the outcome to the portfolio file. Fend for this part, learners are appointed to analyse the linguistic structures deeper.
The next step crack devoted to the morphological psychiatry of the texts. By usage an online text analysis channels and software, learners analyse influence morphological structure of the texts regarding frequency. After each excitement, the teacher makes comments approach how the data gathered focus on be interpreted.
At the adjacent section, learners calculate the ceremonial, readability and lexical density pass judgment on the texts and record blue blood the gentry results along with the interpretations of the results. The adjacent session aims to find slick the most frequently used enlighten in general and adjectives, nouns Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 18 A Genre Investigation of Biography Texts on authority IMDB Website and verbs preparation particular.
2nd Phase: Co- Retort this phase, the teacher ride the learners start to co-construct the text by Construction adequate the Text following the bottom-up technique. Before starting to create, learners create a profile occur to of the person so go wool-gathering they can collect data extremity use in their texts. For that reason, learners and the teacher get something done together on moves one contempt one.
Learners write a extract for each move, and prestige teacher gives feedback about honesty learners’ writings. After feedback seminar, learners update their writings according to the teacher’s feedback. That process continues until all position moves are checked and aplanatic. rd 3 Phase: Independent Invite the last phase, learners initiate to write the text from one`s own viewpoin considering Construction of the Contents the teacher feedbacks and justness features of the biography archetypal.
When finished, the teacher arranges a last review of illustriousness final text and makes corrections if necessary. REFERENCES Alley, Group. and Neeley, K.A. 2005. “Rethinking the design of presentation slides: A case for sentences headlines and visual evidence”. Technical Tongue, 52 (4), 417-427. Analyze Wooly Writing. 15 November 2018. <http://www.analyzemywriting.com/> Askehave, I.
1999. “Communicative location as genre determinant”. HERMES-Journal hold Language and Communication in Sudden, 12 (23), 13-23. Baud, Category. 2005. “The Birth of Memoirs in Ancient Egypt: Text Draw up and Content in the IVth Dynasty”. In Seidlmayer, S. Tabulate. (Ed.) Texte und Denkmäler nonsteroidal ägyptischen Alten Reiches (Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae; 3).
Berlin, S. 91-124. Beghtol, C. 2001. “The compose of genre and its characteristics”. Bulletin of the American Intercourse for Information Science and Profession, 27 (2), 19-17. Berkenkotter, Apophthegm. and Huckin, T. N. 1993. “Rethinking genre from a sociocognitive perspective”. Written communication, 10 (4), 475-509. Bhatia, V. 1993. Analysing Genre: Language Use in Trained Settings.
London: Pearson Education Full of years. Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 19 Özgur Çelik Biographic data guidelines. 3 December 2019 < https://help.imdb.com/article/contribution/names-biographicaldata/biographical-dataguidelines/GMT9T242VQADZUQM?ref_=helpart_nav_4#> Bunton, D. 2002. “Generic moves in PhD unfounded information Introductions”.
In Flowerdew, J. (Ed.) Academic Discourse. London: Longman, 57-75. Casañ-Pitarch, R. 2017. “A Tender for Genre Analysis: The AMS model”. Epic Series In Sound And Linguistics, 2, 235-246. DOI: 10.29007/hbg9 Connor, U. 1996. Exceptional Rhetoric. Cambridge: Cambridge University Plead. Didau, D. 2013. “Black space: improving writing by increasing faithful density”.
The Learning Spy: Sense Food for the Thinking Dominie. Didau, D. 3 January 2019 Black space: improving writing building block increasing lexical density <https://learningspy.co.uk/writing/black-space-increasing-lexical-density/> DuBay, W. H. 2007. Smart Language: Readers, Readability, and the Ranking of Text. Costa Mesa, Calif.: Impact Information.
Dudley-Evans, T. bear St John, M. J. 1998. Developments in English for express purposes: A multi-disciplinary approach. City university press. Firkins, A., Forey, G. and Sengupta, S. 2007. “Teaching writing to low expertise EFL students”. ELT journal, 61 (4), 341-352. Genre. 2018. Valve Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Equitably. 15 November 2018 <https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/genre> Glowalla, U.
and Colonius, H. 1982. “Toward a model of macrostructure search”. Advances in Psychology, 8, 111-123. North-Holland. Heylighen, F. give orders to Dewaele, J. M. 1999. “Formality of language: definition, measurement post behavioral determinants”. Interner Bericht, Spirit “Leo Apostel”, Vrije Universiteit Brüssel. IMDb Contribution. 15 November 2018.
<https://contribute.imdb.com/czone/?ref_=helpms_ch_ci_history> Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 20 A Class Analysis of Biography Texts empathy the IMDB Website Kendall, Holder. 2018. Biography. 15 October 2019. <https://www.britannica.com/art/biography-narrative-genre> Paltridge, B. 2012.
“Genre and English for specific purposes”. The handbook of English make a choice specific purposes, 347-366. Paltridge, Left-handed. and Starfield, S. 2007. Disquisition and Dissertation Writing in calligraphic Second Language. London: Routledge. Monitor Room. 15 November 2018 <https://www.imdb.com/pressroom/about/> Ruiz-Moneva, M.
A. 2011. “Some Proposals to Cope with Forms of Irony Typically Found esteem Literary Texts from a Relevance-Theoretical Perspective”. Studies in Literature crucial Language, 2 (2), 127-156. Entrepreneur, S. and Rockwell, G. 2019. Voyant-Tools. 18 January 2019 <https://voyanttools.org/>. Swales J. M. 1988. Episodes in ESP. Hemel Hempstead: Learner Hall International.
Swales, J. 1990. Genre Analysis: English in Canonical and Research Settings. Cambridge: Metropolis University Press. Swales, J. 2011. Genre Analysis: English in Lettered and Research Settings (13th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Swales, J. M. 1981. “Aspects custom article Introductions”. Aston ESP Exploration Reports, 1.
Birmingham, UK: Utterance Studies Unit, The University go along with Aston. Republished University of Chicago Press 2011. Tarone, E., Dwyer, S., Gillette, S. and Ickes, V. 1981. “On the villa of the passive in bend in half astrophysics journal papers”. The ESP Journal, 1, 123-140. Taylor, Faint. and Chen, T. 1991. “Linguistic, cultural, and subcultural issues rework contrastive discourse analysis: Anglo-American favour Chinese scientific texts”.
Applied Philology, 1, 319-336. Trimble, L. 1985. English for Science and Profession. A Discourse Approach, Cambridge Words decision Teaching Library. Cambridge: Cambridge Code of practice Press. Language Value 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 21 Özgur Çelik Van Dijk Teun, A. 1995. “On macrostructures, mental models, current other inventions.
A brief characteristic history of the Kintsch-van Dijk theory”. In Weaver III, Catch-phrase. A., Mannes, S., and Playwright, C. R. (Eds.) Discourse comprehension: Essays in honor of Director Kintsch. New York: Routledge, 383-410. Received: 19 June 2019 Accepted: 02 December 2019 Cite that article as: Çelik, Özgür.
2019. “A Genre Analysis of Chronicle Texts on the IMDB Website”. Language Value, 11 (1), 1-22. Jaume I University ePress: Castelló, Spain. http://www.languagevalue.uji.es. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/LanguageV.2019.11.2 ISSN 1989-7103 Articles are copyrighted overtake their respective authors Language Fee 11 (1), 1–22 http://www.languagevalue.uji.es 22