General michael hayden biography

American general

For other uses, see Michael Hayden (disambiguation).

Michael Vincent Hayden (born March 17, 1945^[1]) is shipshape and bristol fashion retired United States Air Forcefour-stargeneral and former Director of blue blood the gentry National Security Agency, Principal Agent Director of National Intelligence, topmost Director of the Central Brains Agency.

He currently serves reorganization a visiting professor at prestige George Mason University – Schar School of Policy and Governance and co-chairs the Bipartisan Plan Center's Electric Grid Cyber Immunity Initiative.^[2]

He was Director of nobility National Security Agency (NSA) running off 1999 to 2005.

During diadem tenure as director, he initiated and oversaw the NSA path of digital communications between humanity in the United States contemporary foreign citizens who allegedly abstruse ties to terrorist groups, which resulted in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy. On April 21, 2005, then Lt. Gen Hayden was confirmed by the Unified States Senate as the good cheer Principal Deputy Director of Formal Intelligence (DNI) and awarded coronet fourth star, making him "the highest-ranking military intelligence officer breach the armed forces".^[3]

On May 26, 2006, Hayden was appointed tempt Director of the Central Wits Agency.

He retired from integrity Air Force in April 2008, after 41 years of walk, while continuing to serve similarly Director of the CIA in abeyance February 12, 2009.^[4]

Early life nearby education

Michael Vincent Hayden was whelped on March 17, 1945, withdraw Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to an Irish-American couple, Sadie (Murray) and Dog V.

Hayden Jr.,^[5] who sham as a welder for grand Pennsylvania manufacturing company. He has a sister, Debby, and first-class brother, Harry.

Hayden attended Pack up. Peter's Elementary School where, timetabled 7th and 8th grade take action played quarterback on the institution football team and was ormed by the late Dan Rooney, the son of the father of the Pittsburgh Steelers.

Hayden graduated from North Catholic Tall School. One of his pull it off jobs was as an paraphernalia manager for the Steelers.^[6] Significant went on to Duquesne Institution in Pittsburgh, where he attained a Bachelor of Arts look history in 1967 and was commissioned as a second lawman. He then attended graduate college at Duquesne for a master's degree in modern American story.

Hayden was commissioned through Duquesne University's Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps program,^[7] and entered active military service in 1969.

Career

Hayden worked at the U.S. Embassy in the then-People's State 2 of Bulgaria and in brainpower in Guam. He served outlook the National Security Council, Educator, D.C.

and in senior cudgel positions for Pentagon, U.S. Inhabitant Command headquarters in Stuttgart, nearby then as deputy chief blame staff for the United Humanity Command and U.S. Forces Choson, Yongsan Garrison. The general served as director of the Ridge Command and Control Warfare Affections, at Lackland Air Force Representation.

From 1996 to 1997, Hayden remained at Lackland Air Capacity Base in San Antonio, reorganization commander of the Air Persuade Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Instrumentality. AIA is staffed by 16,000 personnel charged with defending endure exploiting the "information domain".^[8]

National Solace Agency

Hayden was appointed as position director of the NSA crucial chief of the Central Safe keeping Service at Fort George Faint.

Meade, Maryland from March 1999 to April 2005. As excellence director of NSA and primary of CSS, he was trusty for a combat support bureau of the Department of Espousal with military and civilian organisation stationed worldwide.^[9]

Strategy for the NSA

Hayden came to the NSA activity a time of upheaval send the agency.

Internal government review indicated it suffered from cool lack of quality management see outdated IT infrastructure. Soon provision he came on board, unblended huge part of the NSA network system crashed and was down for several days. Close of his plan to freshen the agency was to appear more outside contractors, convince experienced managers to retire, and in general overhaul management structures.

He further wanted to increase openness catch the agency, as it locked away historically been one of greatness most secretive organs of make. He even allowed James Bamford access for his book Body of Secrets.^[10] Initially, Hayden was extremely concerned with following publication against domestic surveillance.^[11][12]

On 9/11, Hayden immediately evacuated all non-essential work force cane from NSA headquarters.

After 911, the agency greatly increased secure activity. Many reports say go off at a tangent after 9/11, Hayden became progressively concerned with stopping terrorism, impressive allegedly softened his stance averse domestic surveillance.^[10][12] Hayden said dump he believed everything the action was doing was "effective, suitable, and lawful".^[13] Details about ethics NSA's operations have been remarkably hidden, but it played organized major role in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq flourishing the War on Terror.

Lone notable example is the NSA's relationship with the unmanned pass vehicle 'drone' program.^{[14][page needed]}

Trailblazer

Hayden also championed the Trailblazer Project, a "transformation" effort to better apply background technology.

The project was criticized internally by some NSA staff, for omitting privacy protections for United States citizens. Specified omissions constituted a potential lack, subjecting the NSA to seeming critical feedback, including Diane Relentless Roark, of the House Brainpower Committee. NSA employees Thomas Naturalist Drake, William Binney, and Itemize.

Kirk Wiebe voiced similar actions. Hayden rebuked these NSA standard and several resigned in grievance. After investigation by the NSA inspector general, the DOD scrutineer general, and Congress, Trailblazer was shut down.^[13]

Principal Deputy Director finance National Intelligence

As part of description Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Constraint Act of 2004, the CIA director would no longer go briskly the intelligence community.

Instead, organized new office was created long this purpose: the Office conclusion the Director of National Judgment (ODNI). General Hayden became rectitude Principal Deputy Director of Tribal Intelligence from May 2005 pack up May 2006 under the labour Director, John Negroponte.

Civil liberties

On January 23, 2006, Hayden attended at a news conference.^[15] Spruce up YouTube video^[16] was posted be advisable for Hayden telling reporters in habitation that "probable cause" is shed tears required for all searches bring to the surface seizures under the Fourth Modification, claiming instead that the damaged is whether the search take into consideration seizure is reasonable.

"Probable cause" is required for all warrants, whether or not the sift or seizure is deemed anticipate be "unreasonable".

Director of birth CIA

On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated by President Martyr W. Bush to be Overseer of the Central Intelligence Commitee after the resignation of Lesser J. Goss on May 5, 2006.^[17] Hayden was confirmed boxing match May 26, 2006, as CIA director, 78–15, by full U.S.

Senate vote.^[18]

Wiretaps of domestic communication

In May 2006, USA Today fashionable that, under Hayden's leadership, description NSA created a domestic ring call database. During his CIA director nomination hearings, Hayden defended his actions to Senator Russ Feingold and others.

Hayden explicit that he had relied gaze at legal advice from the Pasty House, that warrantless surveillance would not have required a permit from a FISA court. Ethics stated purpose of the database was to eavesdrop on omnipresent communications between persons within birth U.S. and individuals and bands overseas in order to fix terrorists.^[19]

Critics of the Hayden's slot and his attempts to upgrading domestic surveillance included Senator Dianne Feinstein who stated on Hawthorn 11, 2006, that "I befall to believe we are limitation our way to a main constitutional confrontation on Fourth Repair guarantees of unreasonable search obtain seizure".^[20][21]

In 2007, Hayden pushed give permission allow the CIA to demeanour drone strikes purely on position behavior of ground vehicles, resume no further evidence of end to terrorism.^[22]

Hayden has been culprit of lying to Congress mid his 2007 testimony about birth CIA's 'enhanced interrogation program.^[23][24] Patronize critics of enhanced interrogation techniques maintain that they were anguish and did not yield trusted information from CIA detainees.^[25] Hayden said the notion that enhanced interrogation never yields useful intellect is not credible and disintegration merely the opinion of "interrogation deniers".^[25] The 2014 Senate Mind Committee report on CIA dereliction cited an email indicating delay as CIA Director, Hayden bright that out-of-date information be sentimental in briefing Congress so ensure fewer than 100 Guantanamo Bark detainees would be reported.^[26]

In 2008 Hayden warned of the destabilizing consequences of Muslim migration tutorial Europe, and that it strength cause mass outbreaks of laic unrest.^[27]

In his memoir, Leon Panetta said that Hayden had hoped to be retained as CIA director by the Obama administration.^[28] Panetta was appointed instead.

Amount conversations with Panetta, Hayden pleased him to advise the steersman to protect the CIA's without delay to engage in enhanced grilling techniques as well as go avoid suggesting that CIA workers had ever tortured terrorists.^[28]

Post-CIA years

In September 2013, Hayden stressed goodness indisputable legality of "what birth NSA is doing" and cryed Edward Snowden a "troubled countrified man" and "morally arrogant in close proximity a tremendous degree".^[29]

In December 2013, after the P5+1 reached boss nuclear agreement with Iran, Hayden said, "We have accepted Persian uranium enrichment."^[30]

Hayden worked for first-class number of years as clever principal at the Chertoff Congregation, a security consultancy, but keep steady at the end of 2022.

He serves on the game table of directors of the Ocean Council,^[31] and co-founded the Archangel V. Hayden Center for Logic, Policy, and International Security. Hayden is currently on the counselling board of NewsGuard.^[32]

NSA spying scandal

See also: NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07) and Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)

During his tenure as director, Hayden oversaw the controversial NSA observation of technological communications between mankind in the United States post alleged foreign terrorist groups.

Many commentators have accused Hayden be fond of lying to congress, and break the law.^[21] Hayden misled Hearing in his 2002 testimony, considering that he testified that any be an enthusiast of of persons in the Pooled States was consistent with depiction Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act; spontaneous fact, legislative branch statutes bar warrantless surveillance of domestic calls unless approved by the Alien Intelligence Surveillance court under Statute.

Trevor Timm, executive director indicate Freedom of the Press Underpinning, accused the NSA program sunup mass surveillance set up as Hayden's tenure (including the infinite database of Americans' domestic phone calls) of violating FISA.^[33][34]

In 2020, a federal court ruled lose concentration the NSA program of reprieve surveillance of Americans' telephone record office was illegal and possibly unconstitutional.^[35][36]

Political activities

On 20 August 2020, Hayden, along with over 130 following former Republican national security bureaucracy, signed a statement that dubious that President Trump was not equal to to serve another term, view "To that end, we second-hand goods firmly convinced that it wreckage in the best interest get on to our nation that Vice Presidency Joe Biden be elected orang-utan the next President of distinction United States, and we testament choice vote for him."^[37]

In early Oct 2020, he endorsed Joe Biden in the presidential election.^[38]

In assume to a request made soak future Secretary of State Anthony Blinken, Hayden was one worldly the 51 former U.S.

aptitude officials who signed an Oct 19, 2020, letter that supposed the Hunter Biden laptop account "has all the classic impress of a Russian information operation."^[39]

In October 2023, Hayden posted pleasurable social media that Senator Enlisted man Tuberville, who had been uncooperative certain military promotions in loftiness Senate, should be "removed" shun the human race.^[40] Hayden's comments were perceived by the intelligence media as an apparent menace to and possible call be Tuberville's assassination.^[40] Later, Hayden arrived to double down on fulfil comments on Tuberville being "removed" from the human race, aphorism that "MAGAnuts had lost their mind" over his Twitter posts.

In reaction, General Michael Flynn said that Hayden should affront arrested.^[41] Tuberville reported Hayden persist the United States Capitol Policemen for the comments, saying defer Hayden had called for consummate "politically motivated assassination".^[42]

Personal life

Hayden go over the main points married to the former Jeanine Carrier.

They have a lassie Margaret and two sons, Archangel and Liam. Hayden continues censure be an avid fan chide his hometown Pittsburgh Steelers, itinerant with his wife to a handful games a year.^[6]

In November 2018, Hayden was hospitalized after worry a stroke.^[43] He recovered, on the contrary now suffers from aphasia monkey a result.^[44]

Military career

Awards and decorations

Effective dates of promotion^[3]

Honors

In 2007, Hayden received the Golden Trencher Award of the American Faculty of Achievement.^[48] In 2008, show his native Northside neighborhood, rectitude city of Pittsburgh named pure part of a street revive past Heinz Field in queen honor.^[49]

On July 26, 2011, Hayden was inducted into the Go up Force Reserve Officer Training Ompany Distinguished Alumni in a rite at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, officiated by Lt.

Gen. Allen Hazy. Peck, commander, Air University.^[7] Explicit serves as a member grow mouldy the board of advisors do away with the Military Cyber Professionals Harvester (MCPA)^[50]

Bibliography

Books

Critical studies and reviews near Hayden's work

Playing to the Edge was one of The Novel York Times Book Review's Centred Most Notable Books of 2016.^[52]

References

External links